中国中车科技创新体系建设概述
中(zhong)国(guo)中(zhong)车(che)(che)技(ji)(ji)术创新(xin)(xin)工作服从和服务(wu)于(yu)中(zhong)车(che)(che)公(gong)司跨国(guo)经营、全球领先战(zhan)略目标，坚(jian)持(chi)“国(guo)家需要至(zhi)上、行业发(fa)展(zhan)至(zhi)上”原(yuan)则，坚(jian)持(chi)自(zi)主创新(xin)(xin)、开(kai)放(fang)创新(xin)(xin)和协同创新(xin)(xin)，坚(jian)持(chi)正向(xiang)设(she)计方向(xiang)，建立与完善(shan)适(shi)应国(guo)际(ji)化发(fa)展(zhan)需要的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)术创新(xin)(xin)体(ti)(ti)系(xi)，建设(she)具(ju)有国(guo)际(ji)竞(jing)争力(li)的(de)(de)系(xi)列化产品体(ti)(ti)系(xi)、国(guo)际(ji)先进的(de)(de)轨(gui)道交(jiao)通装备知识(shi)体(ti)(ti)系(xi)、完善(shan)的(de)(de)国(guo)际(ji)化轨(gui)道交(jiao)通装备技(ji)(ji)术支撑体(ti)(ti)系(xi)，全面提(ti)升技(ji)(ji)术创新(xin)(xin)能力(li)，推(tui)动中(zhong)国(guo)轨(gui)道交(jiao)通装备产业向(xiang)产业链、价值链高(gao)端攀升，实(shi)现“中(zhong)车(che)(che)创造(zao)(zao)”与“中(zhong)国(guo)创造(zao)(zao)”，为中(zhong)车(che)(che)公(gong)司持(chi)续快速发(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)强劲(jing)动力(li)。
以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)车为基础，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)装(zhuang)备(bei)(bei)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)业(ye)初步建设了(le)相对(dui)完善的(de)(de)、具有(you)一定国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际竞争力的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)创新(xin)体(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)车拥有(you)的(de)(de)高(gao)速列车系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家工程实验室(shi)、动(dong)车组(zu)和(he)机车牵引与(yu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)点实验室(shi)、国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)载快捷(jie)铁路(lu)货(huo)车工程技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心、国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家轨(gui)(gui)(gui)道客车系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)工程技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心等(deng)11个国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家级研(yan)发机构和(he)覆(fu)盖主(zhu)机制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)企业(ye)的(de)(de)19家国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家级企业(ye)实博体(ti)育官方(fang)入口为主(zhu)体(ti)的(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品与(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)发体(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，奠定了(le)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)装(zhuang)备(bei)(bei)行业(ye)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)与(yu)产(chan)(chan)品创新(xin)体(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)基础，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)强劲的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际竞争力。9家海外(wai)研(yan)发中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心、50个省部(bu)级研(yan)发机构、一批专项技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)发中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心充分发挥(hui)作用，在轨(gui)(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)装(zhuang)备(bei)(bei)核(he)心技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)突(tu)破，产(chan)(chan)品技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)开发等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)取(qu)得了(le)丰硕成(cheng)(cheng)果。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)车产(chan)(chan)品技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)发体(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)基本涵盖了(le)从(cong)(cong)嵌入式底层软件(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)到(dao)(dao)应(ying)用级控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)软件(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)，从(cong)(cong)基础技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、行业(ye)共性技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)到(dao)(dao)产(chan)(chan)品关键技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)，从(cong)(cong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)到(dao)(dao)产(chan)(chan)品工程化实现技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)全技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)链(lian)(lian)，从(cong)(cong)芯片到(dao)(dao)板卡，从(cong)(cong)零件(jian)到(dao)(dao)模块、部(bu)件(jian)，从(cong)(cong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)到(dao)(dao)整(zheng)机整(zheng)车的(de)(de)全产(chan)(chan)品链(lian)(lian)，基本形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)能够满(man)足中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)装(zhuang)备(bei)(bei)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)行业(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)产(chan)(chan)品发展需要的(de)(de)，包括设计分析(xi)、计算仿真、试(shi)验验证(zheng)、检验测试(shi)、信息情(qing)报(bao)、创新(xin)管理等(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)创新(xin)保障能力。
中(zhong)国(guo)中(zhong)车(che)(che)(che)加强轨(gui)(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通装(zhuang)备基(ji)础(chu)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、核(he)心(xin)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、共性(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)发。围绕重要系统(tong)(tong)(tong)、关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)键(jian)(jian)部件产品，在高端轨(gui)(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通移动(dong)(dong)装(zhuang)备系统(tong)(tong)(tong)集(ji)成(cheng)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、牵(qian)引传动(dong)(dong)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、网(wang)络(luo)控(kong)制技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、转(zhuan)向(xiang)架关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)键(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、车(che)(che)(che)体关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)键(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、制动(dong)(dong)关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)键(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、柴(chai)油(you)机关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)键(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、齿(chi)轮(lun)传动(dong)(dong)系统(tong)(tong)(tong)关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)键(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、弓网(wang)受流技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、振(zhen)动(dong)(dong)噪声控(kong)制技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、工程(cheng)机械电(dian)气(qi)传动(dong)(dong)与控(kong)制技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)、永磁电(dian)机、电(dian)力电(dian)子器件等方(fang)面取(qu)得(de)重大突破(po)，达到(dao)国(guo)际先进水平。在基(ji)础(chu)材料应(ying)用研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究，轮(lun)轨(gui)(gui)关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究、高寒高速动(dong)(dong)车(che)(che)(che)组(zu)关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)键(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究、车(che)(che)(che)体疲(pi)劳试验研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究、服(fu)役性(xing)能研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究、谱系化(hua)头型、重载快捷货车(che)(che)(che)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)基(ji)础(chu)理论研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究、仿真验证技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)及可靠性(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究等取(qu)得(de)了(le)一批(pi)基(ji)础(chu)性(xing)应(ying)用研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)。基(ji)于互联网(wang)的(de)轨(gui)(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通旅客信息服(fu)务系统(tong)(tong)(tong)、电(dian)力电(dian)子变压器、永磁牵(qian)引传动(dong)(dong)系统(tong)(tong)(tong)等一批(pi)前瞻性(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究取(qu)得(de)了(le)阶段性(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)。中(zhong)国(guo)轨(gui)(gui)道(dao)(dao)交通装(zhuang)备国(guo)际竞争力极大提升。
中(zhong)(zhong)国中(zhong)(zhong)车建立了(le)先进的(de)(de)轨(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)装(zhuang)备(bei)、重(zhong)要(yao)系(xi)统和核(he)心部(bu)(bu)件(jian)三级产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)术平(ping)(ping)台(tai)。形(xing)成了(le)拥有自主(zhu)知(zhi)识(shi)产(chan)(chan)权、具(ju)有国际先进水平(ping)(ping)、融(rong)合世界不(bu)同(tong)标准体系(xi)的(de)(de)高速(su)(su)动(dong)车组和交(jiao)(jiao)流传动(dong)大功率(lv)电(dian)力(li)、内燃机车产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)术平(ping)(ping)台(tai)，具(ju)有国际先进水平(ping)(ping)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)达到领先水平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)、拥有完全自主(zhu)知(zhi)识(shi)产(chan)(chan)权的(de)(de)铁路重(zhong)载及快捷(jie)货运(yun)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)术平(ping)(ping)台(tai)，可(ke)以满足不(bu)同(tong)业主(zhu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)城市轨(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)及地铁车辆(liang)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)术平(ping)(ping)台(tai)。形(xing)成了(le)牵引(yin)与控(kong)制系(xi)统、网络控(kong)制系(xi)统、制动(dong)系(xi)统、走行(xing)系(xi)统、连接系(xi)统、旅客(ke)信息系(xi)统等(deng)重(zhong)要(yao)系(xi)统产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)术平(ping)(ping)台(tai)。形(xing)成IGBT、电(dian)机、柴油机、功率(lv)模块(kuai)、网关等(deng)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)术平(ping)(ping)台(tai)。基(ji)于平(ping)(ping)台(tai)，中(zhong)(zhong)国中(zhong)(zhong)车快速(su)(su)开发了(le)列车化轨(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)装(zhuang)备(bei)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。中(zhong)(zhong)国中(zhong)(zhong)车新产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)产(chan)(chan)值率(lv)59.85%，很好(hao)满足了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)国轨(gui)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)发展需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)和全球不(bu)同(tong)业主(zhu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)。
通(tong)(tong)过持(chi)续的(de)技术(shu)改造和技术(shu)升级，中国中车(che)建设(she)(she)了(le)全(quan)球领(ling)先(xian)的(de)高速(su)动车(che)组、大功率电力及内燃机车(che)、先(xian)进铁路(lu)客(ke)车(che)产(chan)品、先(xian)进铁路(lu)货(huo)车(che)产(chan)品、先(xian)进城轨(gui)(gui)交通(tong)(tong)及地铁产(chan)品等轨(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)装备制造基地，形成(cheng)了(le)国际领(ling)先(xian)的(de)轨(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)装备产(chan)品制造能力，并在(zai)此(ci)基础(chu)上，建设(she)(she)了(le)完善的(de)质(zhi)量保证(zheng)、安全(quan)保障、全(quan)球供应商等体系，形成(cheng)了(le)先(xian)进的(de)轨(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)装备生产(chan)制造系统，有能力满足世界任何轨(gui)(gui)道交通(tong)(tong)装备市(shi)场需(xu)要。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)车(che)在轨(gui)道交通(tong)装备技术标(biao)准(zhun)体(ti)(ti)系建(jian)设(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)积极发(fa)挥(hui)作用，初步形成了国(guo)(guo)际先(xian)进的(de)轨(gui)道交通(tong)装备产品技术标(biao)准(zhun)体(ti)(ti)系。三年来(lai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)车(che)主(zhu)持或(huo)参(can)与(yu)起草或(huo)制修(xiu)订70余(yu)项(xiang)国(guo)(guo)际标(biao)准(zhun)，主(zhu)持或(huo)参(can)与(yu)起草国(guo)(guo)家标(biao)准(zhun)200余(yu)项(xiang)，行业标(biao)准(zhun)近(jin)1000项(xiang)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)车(che)积极参(can)加建(jian)设(she)有国(guo)(guo)际公信(xin)力(li)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)轨(gui)道交通(tong)行业认证认可体(ti)(ti)系，加强与(yu)欧、美等先(xian)进地(di)区(qu)轨(gui)道交通(tong)行业互(hu)认互(hu)信(xin)工作，保证中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)轨(gui)道交通(tong)行业企业国(guo)(guo)际竞争力(li)。
中国中车加强以(yi)专利(li)(li)为重点的知识产权(quan)(quan)工(gong)作，拥(yong)有专利(li)(li)量(liang)以(yi)26%/年的速(su)度快速(su)增(zeng)长，专利(li)(li)质量(liang)持续提(ti)升(sheng)。2014年末(mo)拥(yong)有专利(li)(li)13000余件(jian)，发明专利(li)(li)1800余件(jian)；申报(bao)专利(li)(li)4200余件(jian)，申报(bao)发明专利(li)(li)2000余件(jian)。适应(ying)国际化发展战略，三年来(lai)国外(wai)专利(li)(li)申报(bao)数以(yi)70%/年的速(su)度增(zeng)长，2014年获得美国、欧洲、日本、澳大(da)利(li)(li)亚、南非(fei)等国家(jia)授权(quan)(quan)专利(li)(li)30余件(jian)，申报(bao)国外(wai)专利(li)(li)79件(jian)，以(yi)专利(li)(li)为重点的知识产权(quan)(quan)保护体(ti)系正在形(xing)成。
中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)车初步建(jian)(jian)设(she)了相对完善(shan)(shan)、覆盖(gai)技术(shu)(shu)创新(xin)(xin)(xin)工作(zuo)全过程的技术(shu)(shu)创新(xin)(xin)(xin)管理(li)体(ti)系。保(bao)(bao)障充足的资金、物质投(tou)入(ru)和满足要求的创新(xin)(xin)(xin)人才。三年(nian)来，中(zhong)(zhong)车公司年(nian)度(du)研发经费保(bao)(bao)持8%左右的快速增长，技术(shu)(shu)投(tou)入(ru)比例保(bao)(bao)持5.6%以上，保(bao)(bao)证(zheng)(zheng)了中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)车技术(shu)(shu)创新(xin)(xin)(xin)能力的持续(xu)快速提(ti)升。长期坚(jian)持建(jian)(jian)设(she)与(yu)完善(shan)(shan)高(gao)效实用的规(gui)则制度(du)与(yu)理(li)念文化体(ti)系，保(bao)(bao)证(zheng)(zheng)技术(shu)(shu)创新(xin)(xin)(xin)工作(zuo)的良好秩序。坚(jian)持建(jian)(jian)设(she)和完善(shan)(shan)科(ke)技项目、科(ke)技成果、产品(pin)技术(shu)(shu)、知(zhi)识管理(li)、科(ke)技信息(xi)等管理(li)体(ti)系，保(bao)(bao)证(zheng)(zheng)技术(shu)(shu)创新(xin)(xin)(xin)工作(zuo)高(gao)效开展(zhan)，保(bao)(bao)证(zheng)(zheng)技术(shu)(shu)创新(xin)(xin)(xin)储备与(yu)发展(zhan)潜(qian)力。